Kawirikawiri pamalo ochitira mwambowu, ngati ogwira ntchito pamalopo sakuigwira bwino, maikolofoni imapanga phokoso lamphamvu ikakhala pafupi ndi cholankhulira. Phokoso lamphamvu limeneli limatchedwa "kulira", kapena "kulandira ndemanga". Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha chizindikiro chochuluka cha maikolofoni, chomwe chimasokoneza phokoso lotulutsidwa ndikuyambitsa kulira.

Kuyankha mawu ndi chinthu chachilendo chomwe chimachitika nthawi zambiri mumakina olimbikitsira mawu (PA). Ndi vuto lapadera la makina olimbikitsira mawu. Tinganene kuti ndi loipa pakubereka mawu. Anthu omwe amachita nawo mawu aukadaulo, makamaka omwe amakhazikika pakulimbitsa mawu pamalopo, amadana kwambiri ndi kulira kwa okamba, chifukwa vuto lomwe limabwera chifukwa cha kulira ndi losatha. Ambiri mwa ogwira ntchito zamawu amavutika kwambiri kuti athetse vutoli. Komabe, sizingatheke kuthetsa kulira konse. Kulira kwa mawu ndi chinthu chachilendo chomwe chimayambitsidwa ndi gawo la mphamvu ya mawu yomwe imatumizidwa ku maikolofoni kudzera mu kutumiza mawu. Mu mkhalidwe wovuta pomwe palibe kulira, kamvekedwe ka kulira kamaonekera. Pakadali pano, nthawi zambiri amaganiziridwa kuti pali kulira. Pambuyo pa kuchepa kwa 6dB, kumatanthauzidwa kuti palibe kulira komwe kumachitika.

Pamene maikolofoni imagwiritsidwa ntchito kunyamula mawu mu makina olimbikitsira mawu, chifukwa n'zosatheka kutenga njira zolekanitsira mawu pakati pa malo onyamulira maikolofoni ndi malo osewerera a sipika. Phokoso lochokera ku sipika limatha kudutsa mosavuta mumalo onyamulira kupita ku maikolofoni ndikuyambitsa kulira. Nthawi zambiri, makina olimbikitsira mawu okha ndi omwe ali ndi vuto la kulira, ndipo palibe chifukwa cholira konse mu makina ojambulira ndi kubwezeretsa. Mwachitsanzo, pali ma spika owunikira okha mu makina ojambulira, malo ogwiritsira ntchito maikolofoni mu studio yojambulira ndi malo osewerera a ma spika owunikira amakhala osiyana, ndipo palibe chifukwa chobwezera mawu. Mu makina ojambulira mawu a filimu, maikolofoni sagwiritsidwa ntchito kwenikweni, ngakhale atakhala kuti akugwiritsa ntchito maikolofoni, amagwiritsidwanso ntchito ponyamula mawu pafupi m'chipinda chojambulira. Sipika yowunikira ili kutali ndi maikolofoni, kotero palibe kuthekera kolira.

Zifukwa zomwe zingatheke kulira:

1. Gwiritsani ntchito maikolofoni ndi ma speaker nthawi imodzi;

2. Phokoso lochokera ku sipika likhoza kutumizidwa ku maikolofoni kudzera mu malo olumikizirana;

3. Mphamvu ya mawu yomwe imatulutsidwa ndi sipika ndi yayikulu mokwanira, ndipo mphamvu ya maikolofoni yojambulira ndi yayikulu mokwanira.

Chochitika cholira chikachitika, voliyumu ya maikolofoni singathe kusinthidwa kwambiri. Kulirako kudzakhala koopsa kwambiri ikadzatsegulidwa, zomwe zingayambitse zotsatira zoyipa kwambiri pa ntchito yamoyo, kapena phokoso lolira limachitika maikolofoni ikadzatsegulidwa mokweza (ndiko kuti, maikolofoni ikadzatsegulidwa. Chochitika cha mmbuyo cha maikolofoni chikamveka pamalo ofunikira kwambiri akulira), phokoso limakhala ndi mphamvu yobwerera m'mbuyo, zomwe zimawononga mtundu wa mawu; Pazochitika zazikulu, sipika kapena amplifier yamagetsi idzawotchedwa chifukwa cha chizindikiro chochuluka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti magwiridwe antchito asapitirire bwino, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kutayika kwakukulu kwachuma komanso kutayika kwa mbiri. Poganizira za ngozi yamawu, chete ndi kulira ndi ngozi zazikulu kwambiri, kotero mainjiniya wa sipika ayenera kutenga njira yabwino kwambiri yopewera kulirako kuti atsimikizire kuti kulimbitsa mawu pamalopo kukuyenda bwino.

Njira zopewera kulira moyenerera:

Ikani maikolofoni kutali ndi zokamba;

Chepetsani voliyumu ya maikolofoni;

Gwiritsani ntchito mawonekedwe olozera a okamba ndi maikolofoni kuti mupewe malo awo olozera;

Gwiritsani ntchito chosinthira ma frequency;

Gwiritsani ntchito equalizer ndi feedback suppressor;

Gwiritsani ntchito zokamba ndi maikolofoni moyenera.

Ndi udindo wa ogwira ntchito zomvetsera kulimbana mosalekeza ndi kulira kwa okamba. Ndi chitukuko chopitilira cha ukadaulo wa mawu, padzakhala njira zambiri zochotsera ndikuletsa kulira. Komabe, ponena za chiphunzitso, sizowona kuti makina olimbikitsira mawu athetse vuto la kulira, kotero tingotenga njira zofunikira kuti tipewe kulira kwa okamba omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mwachizolowezi.