Mphamvu ya kagwiridwe ka ntchito ka mawu imatsimikiziridwa pamodzi ndi zida zoyambira mawu ndi kulimbitsa mawu pagawo lotsatira, komwe kumakhala gwero la mawu, kukonza, zida zozungulira, kulimbitsa mawu ndi zida zolumikizira.

1. Dongosolo lochokera mawu

Maikolofoni ndiye cholumikizira choyamba cha makina onse olimbikitsira mawu kapena makina ojambulira, ndipo ubwino wake umakhudza mwachindunji ubwino wa makina onse. Maikolofoni amagawidwa m'magulu awiri: waya ndi opanda zingwe malinga ndi mtundu wa kutumiza kwa chizindikiro.

Maikolofoni opanda zingwe ndi oyenera kwambiri kutenga magwero a mawu pafoni. Pofuna kuti mawu azitengedwa mosavuta nthawi zosiyanasiyana, maikolofoni iliyonse yopanda zingwe ikhoza kukhala ndi maikolofoni yogwiritsidwa ntchito m'manja ndi maikolofoni ya Lavalier. Popeza studioyo ili ndi makina olimbikitsira mawu nthawi imodzi, kuti apewe kuyankha mawu, maikolofoni yopanda zingwe iyenera kugwiritsa ntchito maikolofoni yolankhula pafupi ndi mtima kuti itenge mawu ndi kuimba. Nthawi yomweyo, maikolofoni opanda zingwe iyenera kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wolandira mawu osiyanasiyana, womwe sungangowonjezera kukhazikika kwa chizindikiro cholandiridwa, komanso kuthandizira kuchotsa ngodya yakufa ndi malo osawoneka bwino a chizindikiro cholandiridwa.

Maikolofoni yolumikizidwa ndi waya imakhala ndi maikolofoni yogwira ntchito zambiri, nthawi zambiri, komanso yamitundu yambiri. Potengera mawu kapena nyimbo, maikolofoni a cardioid condenser nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndipo maikolofoni a electret ovalidwa angagwiritsidwenso ntchito m'malo omwe ali ndi mawu okhazikika; maikolofoni a super-directional condenser amtundu wa maikolofoni angagwiritsidwe ntchito kuzindikira zotsatira za chilengedwe; zida zoimbira nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito Maikolofoni oyenda otsika; maikolofoni apamwamba a condenser a zingwe, makiyibodi ndi zida zina zanyimbo; maikolofoni olankhula pafupi ndi close-talk amphamvu angagwiritsidwe ntchito pamene phokoso la chilengedwe likukwera; maikolofoni a single-point gooseneck condenser ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito poganizira kusinthasintha kwa ochita zisudzo akuluakulu.

Chiwerengero ndi mtundu wa maikolofoni zitha kusankhidwa malinga ndi zosowa zenizeni za malo.

2. Dongosolo lokonza

Gawo lalikulu la makina osinthira mawu ndi chosakaniza, chomwe chimatha kukulitsa, kuchepetsa, ndikusintha ma signal a mawu olowera a milingo yosiyanasiyana ndi impedance; gwiritsani ntchito equalizer yolumikizidwa kuti mugwiritse ntchito gulu lililonse la ma frequency a chizindikirocho; Mukasintha chiŵerengero chosakanikirana cha chizindikiro chilichonse cha njira, njira iliyonse imagawidwa ndikutumizidwa kumapeto aliwonse olandirira; kuwongolera chizindikiro cholimbitsa mawu chamoyo ndi chizindikiro chojambulira.

Pali zinthu zingapo zomwe muyenera kuziganizira mukamagwiritsa ntchito chosakanizira. Choyamba, sankhani zigawo zolowera zomwe zili ndi mphamvu yayikulu yolowera komanso ma frequency ambiri momwe mungathere. Mutha kusankha cholowetsa maikolofoni kapena cholowetsa mzere. Cholowetsa chilichonse chili ndi batani lowongolera mulingo wopitilira komanso switch yamphamvu ya 48V phantom. Mwanjira imeneyi, gawo lolowera la njira iliyonse limatha kukonza mulingo wa chizindikiro cholowera musanagwiritse ntchito. Chachiwiri, chifukwa cha mavuto a mayankho ndi kuwunika kobwerera kwa siteji pakulimbitsa mawu, Kulinganiza bwino kwa zigawo zolowera, zotulutsa zothandizira ndi zotuluka zamagulu, kumakhala bwino, ndipo kuwongolera kumakhala kosavuta. Chachitatu, kuti pulogalamuyo ikhale yotetezeka komanso yodalirika, chosakaniziracho chingakhale ndi zida ziwiri zazikulu komanso zoyimirira, ndipo chimatha kusintha zokha. Sinthani ndikuwongolera gawo la chizindikiro cha mawu), madoko olowera ndi otuluka ndi makamaka ma soketi a XLR.

3. Zipangizo za m'mphepete mwa msewu

Kulimbitsa mawu pamalopo kuyenera kuwonetsetsa kuti pali kupanikizika kwakukulu kwa mawu popanda kupanga mawu omveka bwino, kuti ma speaker ndi ma amplifiers amphamvu atetezedwe. Nthawi yomweyo, kuti mawu asamawoneke bwino, komanso kuti athetse mavuto a mphamvu ya mawu, ndikofunikira kuyika zida zokonzera mawu pakati pa chosakanizira ndi amplifier yamphamvu, monga ma equalizer, feedback suppressors, compressors, exciters, frequency dividers, ndi Sound distributor.

Choyezera ma frequency ndi choletsa ma feedback amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuletsa ma feedback a mawu, kubwezera zolakwika za mawu, ndikuwonetsetsa kuti mawu amveka bwino. Choyezera chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuonetsetsa kuti chowonjezera mphamvu sichiyambitsa kuchulukira kapena kusokoneza pamene chikukumana ndi chiwongolero chachikulu cha chizindikiro cholowera, ndipo chimatha kuteteza chowonjezera mphamvu ndi ma speaker. Chowonjezera mphamvu chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kukongoletsa zotsatira za mawu, ndiko kuti, kukonza mtundu wa mawu, kulowa mkati, ndi stereo Sense, clearance ndi bass effect. Chogawa ma frequency chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kutumiza zizindikiro za ma frequency band osiyanasiyana ku ma power amplifiers awo ofanana, ndipo ma power amplifiers amakulitsa zizindikiro za mawu ndikuzitulutsa ku ma speaker. Ngati mukufuna kupanga pulogalamu yapamwamba kwambiri yaukadaulo, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito crossover yamagetsi ya magawo atatu popanga makina olimbikitsira mawu.

Pali mavuto ambiri pakukhazikitsa makina amawu. Kusaganizira bwino malo olumikizirana ndi kutsatana kwa zida zolumikizirana kumapangitsa kuti zida zisamagwire bwino ntchito, ndipo ngakhale zida zimatenthedwa. Kulumikizana kwa zida zolumikizirana nthawi zambiri kumafuna dongosolo: choyezera chimakhala pambuyo pa chosakanizira; ndipo choyezera mawu sichiyenera kuyikidwa patsogolo pa choyezera. Ngati choyezera mawu chiyikidwa patsogolo pa choyezera, zimakhala zovuta kuchotsa kwathunthu mawu olumikizirana, zomwe sizingathandize kusintha kwa choyezera mawu; choyezera mawu chiyenera kuyikidwa pambuyo pa choyezera mawu ndi choyezera mawu, chifukwa ntchito yayikulu ya choyezera mawu ndikuletsa zizindikiro zambiri ndikuteteza choyezera mawu ndi okamba; choyezera chimalumikizidwa patsogolo pa choyezera mawu; Kudutsa kwamagetsi kumalumikizidwa patsogolo pa choyezera mawu ngati pakufunika.

Kuti pulogalamu yojambulidwayo ipeze zotsatira zabwino kwambiri, magawo a compressor ayenera kusinthidwa moyenera. Compressor ikangolowa mu mkhalidwe wopsinjika, idzakhala ndi zotsatira zowononga pa phokoso, choncho yesetsani kupewa compressor mu mkhalidwe wopsinjika kwa nthawi yayitali. Mfundo yayikulu yolumikizira compressor mu njira yayikulu yowonjezera ndikuti zida zam'mbali zomwe zili kumbuyo kwake siziyenera kukhala ndi ntchito yowonjezera chizindikiro momwe zingathere, apo ayi compressor singathe kusewera gawo loteteza konse. Ichi ndichifukwa chake equalizer iyenera kukhala patsogolo pa feedback suppressor, ndipo compressor imapezeka pambuyo pa feedback suppressor.

Chotulutsa mawu chimagwiritsa ntchito zochitika zamaganizo za anthu kuti apange zigawo za harmonic zapamwamba malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa phokoso. Nthawi yomweyo, ntchito yowonjezera mawu otsika imatha kupanga zigawo zamphamvu za ma frequency otsika ndikuwonjezera kamvekedwe. Chifukwa chake, chizindikiro cha mawu chomwe chimapangidwa ndi chotulutsa mawu chimakhala ndi gulu lalikulu kwambiri la ma frequency. Ngati gulu la ma frequency la compressor ndi lalikulu kwambiri, ndizotheka kuti chotulutsa mawu chilumikizidwe chisanagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi compressor.

Chogawaniza ma frequency amagetsi chimalumikizidwa patsogolo pa amplifier yamagetsi ngati pakufunika kubwezera zolakwika zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha chilengedwe komanso momwe ma frequency amayankhidwira kuchokera ku magwero osiyanasiyana amawu a pulogalamu; vuto lalikulu ndilakuti kulumikizana ndi kukonza zolakwika ndizovuta komanso zosavuta kuyambitsa ngozi. Pakadali pano, ma processor a audio a digito awonekera, omwe amaphatikiza ntchito zomwe zili pamwambapa, ndipo amatha kukhala anzeru, osavuta kugwiritsa ntchito, komanso opambana pakugwira ntchito.

4. Dongosolo lolimbitsa mawu

Dongosolo lolimbitsa mawu liyenera kusamala kuti liyenera kukwaniritsa mphamvu ya mawu ndi kufanana kwa malo omveka; kuyimitsidwa koyenera kwa ma speaker amoyo kungathandize kumveketsa bwino kwa mphamvu yolimbitsa mawu, kuchepetsa kutayika kwa mphamvu ya mawu ndi mayankho a mawu; mphamvu yonse yamagetsi ya dongosolo lolimbitsa mawu iyenera kusungidwa pa 30%-50% ya mphamvu yosungira; gwiritsani ntchito mahedifoni owonera opanda zingwe.

5. Kulumikizana kwa dongosolo

Kufananiza kwa Impedance ndi kufananiza kwa level kuyenera kuganiziridwa pankhani yolumikizirana kwa chipangizo. Kulinganiza ndi kusalinganiza zimagwirizana ndi malo ofotokozera. Mtengo wotsutsa (mtengo wa Impedance) wa malekezero onse awiri a chizindikiro pansi ndi wofanana, ndipo polarity ndi yotsutsana, yomwe ndi input kapena output yolinganiza. Popeza zizindikiro zosokoneza zomwe zimalandiridwa ndi ma terminal awiri olinganiza zimakhala ndi mtengo wofanana komanso polarity yofanana, zizindikiro zosokoneza zimatha kuletsana pa katundu wa transmission yolinganiza. Chifukwa chake, dera lolinganiza lili ndi mphamvu yabwino yoletsa kusokoneza komanso kuletsa kusokoneza. Zipangizo zambiri zamawu aukadaulo zimagwiritsa ntchito kulumikizana kolinganiza.

Kulumikizana kwa sipika kuyenera kugwiritsa ntchito ma waya angapo afupiafupi a sipika kuti achepetse kukana kwa mzere. Chifukwa kukana kwa mzere ndi kukana kwa kutulutsa kwa amplifier yamphamvu kudzakhudza mtengo wotsika wa Q wa frequency system ya sipika, mawonekedwe osakhalitsa a frequency yotsika adzakhala oyipa kwambiri, ndipo mzere wotumizira udzapanga kusokonekera panthawi yotumiza ma sipika a mawu. Chifukwa cha capacitance yogawidwa ndi inductance yogawidwa ya mzere wotumizira, zonse ziwiri zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe enaake a pafupipafupi. Popeza chizindikirocho chimapangidwa ndi zigawo zambiri za pafupipafupi, pamene gulu la ma sipika a mawu opangidwa ndi zigawo zambiri za pafupipafupi limadutsa mu mzere wotumizira, kuchedwa ndi kuchepa komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha zigawo zosiyanasiyana za pafupipafupi kumakhala kosiyana, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kusokonezeka kwa amplitude ndi kusokonezeka kwa gawo. Nthawi zambiri, kusokonezeka kumakhalapo nthawi zonse. Malinga ndi momwe mzere wotumizira umakhalira, mkhalidwe wopanda kutayika wa R=G=0 sudzayambitsa kusokonezeka, ndipo kutayika konse sikungatheke. Pankhani ya kutayika kochepa, mkhalidwe wotumizira chizindikiro popanda kusokonezeka ndi L/R=C/G, ndipo mzere weniweni wotumizira wofanana nthawi zonse ndi L/R.

6. Kukonza zolakwika pa dongosolo

Musanasinthe, choyamba ikani mzere wozungulira wa dongosolo kuti mulingo wa chizindikiro cha mulingo uliwonse ukhale mkati mwa dynamic range ya chipangizocho, ndipo sipadzakhala kudula kosagwirizana ndi mzere chifukwa cha mulingo wapamwamba kwambiri wa chizindikiro, kapena mulingo wotsika kwambiri wa chizindikiro kuti chiyambitse kufananiza kwa chizindikiro ndi phokoso. Poyikira mzere wozungulira wa dongosolo, mzere wozungulira wa chosakanizira ndi wofunikira kwambiri. Mukakhazikitsa mulingo, khalidwe la pafupipafupi la dongosolo likhoza kusinthidwa.

Zipangizo zamakono zamagetsi zamagetsi zokhala ndi khalidwe labwino nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi makhalidwe ofanana ndi ma frequency a 20Hz-20KHz. Komabe, pambuyo polumikizana ndi ma multilevel, makamaka ma speaker, sangakhale ndi makhalidwe ofanana ndi ma frequency a flat. Njira yolondola yosinthira ndi njira yowunikira phokoso la pinki. Njira yosinthira njira iyi ndikulowetsa phokoso la pinki mu dongosolo la mawu, kubwerezanso ndi sipika, ndikugwiritsa ntchito maikolofoni yoyesera kuti mutenge mawu pamalo abwino kwambiri omvetsera mu holo. Maikolofoni yoyesera imalumikizidwa ku spectrum analyzer, spectrum analyzer imatha kuwonetsa makhalidwe ofanana ndi ma frequency a holo, kenako nkusintha equalizer mosamala malinga ndi zotsatira za muyeso wa spectrum kuti apange makhalidwe ofanana ndi ma frequency a amplitude. Pambuyo posintha, ndibwino kuyang'ana ma waveform a level iliyonse ndi oscilloscope kuti muwone ngati mulingo winawake uli ndi kusokonekera kwa clipping komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kusintha kwakukulu kwa equalizer.

Kusokoneza kwa dongosolo kuyenera kusamala kwambiri: magetsi amagetsi ayenera kukhala okhazikika; chipolopolo cha chipangizo chilichonse chiyenera kukhala cholimba bwino kuti chisamve phokoso; kulowetsa ndi kutulutsa kwa chizindikiro kuyenera kukhala koyenera; kupewa mawaya otayirira ndi kuwotcherera kosakhazikika.