Kachitidwe ka makina amawu amatsimikiziridwa limodzi ndi zida zomvekera komanso kulimbitsa mawu kotsatira, komwe kumakhala ndi gwero la mawu, kukonza, zida zotumphukira, zolimbikitsira mawu ndi zida zolumikizira.

1. Dongosolo lomveka bwino

Maikolofoni ndiye ulalo woyamba wa njira yonse yolimbikitsira mawu kapena makina ojambulira, ndipo mawonekedwe ake amakhudza mwachindunji dongosolo lonse.Maikolofoni amagawidwa m'magulu awiri: mawaya ndi opanda zingwe molingana ndi mawonekedwe otumizira ma siginecha.

Ma maikolofoni opanda zingwe ndi oyenera kunyamula magwero amawu am'manja.Kuti muthandizire kumveketsa mawu kwanthawi zosiyanasiyana, maikolofoni aliwonse opanda zingwe amatha kukhala ndi maikolofoni yam'manja ndi maikolofoni ya Lavalier.Popeza situdiyo imakhala ndi makina olimbikitsira mawu nthawi yomweyo, kuti tipewe kuyankha kwamawu, maikolofoni ya m'manja opanda zingwe imayenera kugwiritsa ntchito maikolofoni yolankhula moyandikana ya cardioid unidirectional potengera mawu ndi kuyimba.Nthawi yomweyo, makina opangira maikolofoni opanda zingwe amayenera kutengera ukadaulo wolandila zosiyanasiyana, zomwe sizingangowonjezera kukhazikika kwa chizindikiro cholandilidwa, komanso kuthandizira kuchotsa mbali yakufa ndi mawonekedwe akhungu a chizindikirocho.

Maikolofoni ya mawaya imakhala ndi ma multi-function, ma multi-occasion, ma microphone amitundu yambiri.Pojambula chilankhulo kapena nyimbo, ma maikolofoni a mtima wa condenser amagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndipo maikolofoni ovala amagetsi amatha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito m'malo omwe ali ndi mawu osasunthika;maikolofoni amtundu wa super-directional condenser maikolofoni atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kutengera chilengedwe;zida zoimbira nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito Low-tcheru kusuntha koyilo maikolofoni;ma maikolofoni apamwamba a condenser a zingwe, makibodi ndi zida zina zoimbira;ma maikolofoni olankhula kwambiri olunjika atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati phokoso lachilengedwe lili lalikulu;maikolofoni a single point gooseneck condenser ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito poganizira kusinthasintha kwa ochita zisudzo akulu.

Nambala ndi mtundu wa maikolofoni akhoza kusankhidwa malinga ndi zosowa zenizeni za malo.

2. Njira yosinthira

Gawo lalikulu la makina osinthira ndi chosakanizira, chomwe chimatha kukulitsa, kuchepetsa, ndikusintha mwamphamvu magwero amawu olowera pamagawo osiyanasiyana ndi kulepheretsa;gwiritsani ntchito equalizer yolumikizidwa kuti mugwiritse ntchito pafupipafupi gulu lililonse la siginecha;Pambuyo pokonza chiŵerengero chosakanikirana cha chizindikiro chilichonse cha njira, njira iliyonse imaperekedwa ndikutumizidwa ku mapeto aliwonse olandira;wongolerani chizindikiritso cholimbitsa mawu ndi mawu ojambulira.

Pali zinthu zingapo zomwe muyenera kuziganizira mukamagwiritsa ntchito chosakaniza.Choyamba, sankhani zida zolowetsa zomwe zili ndi mphamvu zambiri zokhala ndi madoko komanso kuyankha pafupipafupi momwe mungathere.Mutha kusankha kulowetsa maikolofoni kapena kulowetsa mzere.Kulowetsa kulikonse kumakhala ndi batani loyang'anira mosalekeza komanso chosinthira chamagetsi cha 48V phantom..Mwanjira imeneyi, gawo lolowera la tchanelo chilichonse limatha kukweza mulingo wa siginoyi musanakonze.Chachiwiri, chifukwa cha zovuta za ndemanga ndi kuwunika kobwereranso kwa siteji pakulimbitsa mawu, Kuchulukitsa kwa magawo olowera, zotulutsa zothandizira ndi zotuluka zamagulu, ndizabwinoko, ndikuwongolera ndikosavuta.Chachitatu, chifukwa cha chitetezo ndi kudalirika kwa pulogalamuyi, chosakaniza chikhoza kukhala ndi mphamvu ziwiri zazikulu ndi zoyimilira, ndipo zimatha kusintha zokha.Kusintha ndi kulamulira gawo la chizindikiro cha phokoso), ma doko olowetsa ndi kutuluka ndi makamaka XLR sockets.

3. Zida zozungulira

Kulimbitsa mawu pamalowo kuyenera kuwonetsetsa kuti phokoso lalikulu liri lokwanira popanda kutulutsa mawu omveka, kuti oyankhula ndi zokulitsa mphamvu zitetezedwe.Panthawi imodzimodziyo, kuti mukhalebe omveka bwino, komanso kuti mukhale ndi zofooka za mphamvu ya phokoso, m'pofunika kukhazikitsa zida zomvetsera pakati pa chosakanizira ndi amplifier mphamvu, monga ofananitsa, opondereza maganizo. , kompresa, exciters, ma frequency dividers, Sound distributor.

Ma frequency equator ndi kupondereza mayankho amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupondereza mayankho amawu, kupanga zolakwika zamawu, ndikuwonetsetsa kumveka bwino.Compressor imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwonetsetsa kuti chokulitsa mphamvu sichidzayambitsa kuchulukira kapena kusokoneza mukakumana ndi nsonga yayikulu ya siginecha yolowera, ndipo imatha kuteteza amplifier mphamvu ndi okamba.The exciter imagwiritsidwa ntchito kukongoletsa kamvekedwe ka mawu, ndiye kuti, kukonza mtundu wamawu, kulowa, ndi stereo Sense, kumveka bwino komanso zotsatira za bass.Kugawa kwafupipafupi kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kutumiza zizindikiro zamagulu osiyanasiyana afupipafupi kwa amplifiers ofanana nawo, ndipo zopangira mphamvu zimakulitsa zizindikiro zomveka ndikuzitulutsa kwa okamba.Ngati mukufuna kupanga pulogalamu yapamwamba kwambiri, ndizoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito crossover yamagetsi ya 3-segment pakupanga makina olimbikitsa mawu.

Pali zovuta zambiri pakuyika makina omvera.Kuganiziridwa kosayenera kwa malo olumikizirana ndi kutsatizana kwa zida zotumphukira kumabweretsa kusakwanira kwa zida, ndipo ngakhale zida zimawotchedwa.Kulumikizana kwa zida zotumphukira nthawi zambiri kumafuna dongosolo: chofananira chimakhala pambuyo pa chosakanizira;ndi wopondereza mayankho sayenera kuyikidwa patsogolo pa equalizer.Ngati wopondereza mayankho ayikidwa patsogolo pa equalizer, n'zovuta kuthetsa kwathunthu ndemanga yamayimbidwe, zomwe sizikugwirizana ndi Kusintha kwa Feedback suppressor;compressor iyenera kuikidwa pambuyo pa equalizer ndi kupondereza mayankho, chifukwa ntchito yaikulu ya compressor ndi kupondereza zizindikiro zambiri ndikuteteza amplifier mphamvu ndi okamba;exciter imalumikizidwa kutsogolo kwa amplifier mphamvu;Crossover yamagetsi imalumikizidwa pamaso pa amplifier yamagetsi ngati pakufunika.

Kuti pulogalamu yojambulidwa ikhale ndi zotsatira zabwino, magawo a compressor ayenera kusinthidwa moyenera.Pamene kompresa akulowa wothinikizidwa boma, adzakhala ndi zotsatira zowononga phokoso, choncho yesetsani kupewa kompresa mu boma wothinikizidwa kwa nthawi yaitali.Mfundo yayikulu yolumikizira kompresa munjira yayikulu yakukulitsa ndikuti zida zotumphukira kumbuyo kwake siziyenera kukhala ndi ntchito yolimbikitsira ma siginecha momwe zingathere, apo ayi kompresa sangathe kugwira ntchito yoteteza konse.Ichi ndichifukwa chake equator iyenera kupezeka pamaso pa wopondereza mayankho, ndipo kompresa imapezeka pambuyo popondereza mayankho.

The exciter imagwiritsa ntchito zochitika za psychoacoustic zaumunthu kuti apange zigawo zapamwamba zamtundu wa harmonic malinga ndi mafupipafupi a phokoso.Nthawi yomweyo, ntchito yowonjezera yotsika kwambiri imatha kupanga zida zotsika kwambiri komanso kupititsa patsogolo kamvekedwe.Choncho, chizindikiro chomveka chopangidwa ndi exciter chimakhala ndi gulu lalikulu kwambiri.Ngati ma frequency band a kompresa ndi otambalala kwambiri, ndizotheka kuti chosangalatsa chilumikizidwe pamaso pa kompresa.

Chogawanitsa chamagetsi chamagetsi chimalumikizidwa kutsogolo kwa amplifier yamagetsi ngati pakufunika kubweza zolakwika zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha chilengedwe komanso kuyankha pafupipafupi kwa magwero amawu apulogalamu osiyanasiyana;choyipa chachikulu ndi chakuti kugwirizana ndi debugging ndi zovuta ndi zosavuta kuyambitsa ngozi.Pakalipano, ma processor a digito awonekera, omwe amaphatikiza ntchito zomwe zili pamwambazi, ndipo akhoza kukhala anzeru, osavuta kugwiritsa ntchito, komanso apamwamba pakuchita.

4. Dongosolo lolimbitsa mawu

Dongosolo lolimbitsa mawu liyenera kulabadira kuti liyenera kukumana ndi mphamvu zomveka komanso kufananiza kwamunda;kuyimitsidwa koyenera kwa okamba amoyo kumatha kuwongolera kumveketsa bwino kwa kulimbitsa mawu, kuchepetsa kutayika kwamphamvu kwamawu ndi mayankho amawu;mphamvu yonse yamagetsi yamagetsi olimbikitsa mawu iyenera kusungidwa 30% -50% Yamphamvu yosungira;gwiritsani ntchito mahedifoni owunikira opanda zingwe.

5. Kulumikizana kwadongosolo

Kufananiza kosokoneza ndi kufananitsa kwamlingo kuyenera kuganiziridwa pankhani ya kulumikizana kwa chipangizocho.Kulinganiza ndi kusalinganika kumagwirizana ndi malo ofotokozera.Mtengo wotsutsa (mtengo wa Impedance) wa malekezero onse a siginecha pansi ndi wofanana, ndipo polarity ndi yosiyana, yomwe ndi kulowetsa bwino kapena kutulutsa.Popeza zizindikiro zosokoneza zomwe zimalandiridwa ndi ma terminals awiri oyenerera zimakhala ndi mtengo wofanana ndi polarity yofanana, zizindikiro zosokoneza zimatha kusokoneza wina ndi mzake pa katundu wa kufalitsa koyenera.Chifukwa chake, dera lolinganiza lili ndi njira yabwinoko yopondereza komanso yoletsa kusokoneza.Zida zambiri zamawu zimatengera kulumikizana koyenera.

Kulumikizidwe kwa sipikala kuyenera kugwiritsa ntchito ma seti angapo a zingwe zazifupi zoyala kuti muchepetse kukana kwa mizere.Chifukwa kukana kwa mzere ndi kukana kotulutsa mphamvu kwa amplifier mphamvu kumakhudza kutsika kwafupipafupi kwa Q mtengo wa wokamba mawu, mawonekedwe osakhalitsa afupipafupi otsika amakhala oipitsitsa, ndipo chingwe chotumizira chidzatulutsa kupotoza panthawi yotumiza ma siginecha amawu.Chifukwa capacitance anagawira ndi anagawira inductance wa kufala mzere, onse amakhala ndi makhalidwe pafupipafupi.Popeza chizindikirocho chimapangidwa ndi zigawo zambiri zafupipafupi, pamene gulu la ma audio omwe amapangidwa ndi zigawo zambiri zafupipafupi akudutsa mzere wotumizira, kuchedwa ndi kuchepetsedwa chifukwa cha zigawo zosiyana siyana zimakhala zosiyana, zomwe zimatchedwa kusokonezeka kwa matalikidwe ndi kusokoneza gawo.Kawirikawiri, kupotoza kumakhalapo nthawi zonse.Malingana ndi chikhalidwe cha chiphunzitso cha chingwe chotumizira, chikhalidwe chosatayika cha R = G = 0 sichidzasokoneza, komanso kutayika kwathunthu sikungatheke.Pankhani ya kutaya pang'ono, chikhalidwe chotumizira chizindikiro popanda kusokoneza ndi L / R = C / G, ndipo mzere weniweni wotumizira yunifolomu nthawi zonse ndi L / R

6. System debugging

Musanasinthidwe, ikani kaye njira yokhotakhota kuti mulingo wamtundu uliwonse ukhale mkati mwazosintha za chipangizocho, ndipo sipadzakhala zodulira zopanda mzere chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa siginecha, kapena kutsika kwa siginecha kupangitsa chizindikiro. -kufanizira phokoso Kusauka, pokhazikitsa njira yokhotakhota, mlingo wa osakaniza ndi wofunika kwambiri.Pambuyo kukhazikitsa mlingo, dongosolo pafupipafupi khalidwe akhoza debugged.

Zida zamakono zamakono zama electro-austic zokhala ndi khalidwe labwino nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe afupipafupi kwambiri pamtundu wa 20Hz-20KHz.Komabe, pambuyo kugwirizana Mipikisano mlingo, makamaka okamba, iwo sangakhale ndi makhalidwe lathyathyathya kwambiri pafupipafupi.Njira yosinthira yolondola kwambiri ndi njira yapinki ya noise-spectrum analyzer.Njira yosinthira njira imeneyi ndiyo kulowetsa phokoso la pinki m’zomvekera, kubwerezanso ndi wokamba nkhaniyo, ndi kugwiritsa ntchito maikolofoni yoyesera kunyamula phokoso pamalo abwino kwambiri omvetsera muholo.Maikolofoni yoyezetsa imalumikizidwa ndi spectrum analyzer, spectrum analyzer imatha kuwonetsa mawonekedwe a amplitude-frequency of the holo sound system, ndiyeno sinthani mosamala equator molingana ndi zotsatira za muyeso wa sipekitiramu kuti mawonekedwe onse amplitude-frequency agwirizane.Pambuyo pakusintha, ndi bwino kuyang'ana mafunde amtundu uliwonse ndi oscilloscope kuti muwone ngati mulingo wina uli ndi kupotoza kwapang'onopang'ono komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kusintha kwakukulu kwa equator.

Kusokoneza dongosolo ayenera kulabadira: magetsi magetsi ayenera kukhala okhazikika;chipolopolo cha chipangizo chilichonse chiyenera kukhazikika bwino kuti chiteteze kung'ung'udza;kulowetsa ndi kutulutsa chizindikiro kuyenera kukhala koyenera;kuletsa mawaya otayirira ndi kuwotcherera kosakhazikika.